Current, voltage, resistance, Ohm's law, and electric power
Electric current (I, in amperes) is the rate at which charge flows through a circuit. Voltage, or potential difference (V, in volts), is the energy per unit charge that pushes the current, and resistance (R, in ohms) is how much a component opposes the current. Ohm's law relates them: V = I x R. So a 12-volt battery across a 4-ohm resistor drives a current of 3 amperes. Electric power, the rate at which energy is used (in watts), is P = I x V, which can also be written P = I^2 x R: that 3-ampere, 12-volt resistor uses 36 watts. An ammeter measures current and is connected in series; a voltmeter measures voltage and is connected in parallel across a component.
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